Guinness (/ . James's Gate brewery in the capital city. British Hit Singles & Albums (originally known as The Guinness Book of British Hit Singles and The Guinness Book of British Hit Albums) was a music reference book. Guinness - Wikipedia. Guinness () is an Irish dry stout that originated in the brewery of Arthur Guinness (1. St. James's Gate brewery in the capital city of Dublin, Ireland. Guinness, produced by the Diageo beverages company, is one of the most successful beer brands worldwide. It is brewed in almost 5. The use of roasted barley is a relatively modern development, not becoming part of the grist until the mid- 2. For many years, a portion of aged brew was blended with freshly brewed beer to give a sharp lactic flavour.
Although Guinness's palate still features a characteristic . The draught beer's thick, creamy head comes from mixing the beer with nitrogen and carbon dioxide when poured. It is popular with the Irish, both in Ireland and abroad. In spite of declining consumption since 2. Brewery makes almost . In 1. 99. 7, Guinness plc merged with Grand Metropolitan to form the multinational alcoholic drinks producer Diageo. History. James's Gate Brewery, Dublin. On 3. 1 December 1. This was despite the brewery's refusal to either advertise or offer its beer at a discount. The brewery hired the statistician William Sealy Gosset in 1. By 1. 91. 4, Guinness was producing 2,6. Bass, and was supplying more than 1. UK beer market. The gravity was subsequently reduced, and the brand was relaunched in 1. A subsequent . The production of all Guinness sold in the UK and Ireland was moved to St. James's Gate Brewery, Dublin. Initially, Diageo said that talk of a move was pure speculation but in the face of mounting speculation in the wake of the Sunday Independent article, the company confirmed that it is undertaking a . This review is largely due to the efforts of the company's ongoing drive to reduce the environmental impact of brewing at the St James's Gate plant. The result will be a loss of roughly 2. Diageo/Guinness workforce in Ireland. Several UK firms have made the move to pay Ireland's 1. UK's 2. 8 percent rate. A portion of the barley is roasted to give Guinness its dark colour and characteristic taste. It is pasteurised and filtered. In the late 1. 95. Guinness ceased brewing cask- conditioned beers and developed a keg brewing system with aluminium kegs replacing the wooden casks; these were nicknamed . Isinglass is used as a fining agent for settling out suspended matter in the vat. The isinglass is retained in the floor of the vat but it is possible that minute quantities might be carried over into the beer. The introduction of nitrogen changed the fundamental texture and flavour of Guinness of the past as nitrogen bubbles are much smaller than CO2, giving a . This arguably pivotal moment in Guinness' 2. Michael Ash - a mathematician turned brewer - after an extensive four year journey of experimentation, discovered the mechanism to make this possible. As a result of this, when a pint of Guinness is poured today, you now see the classic . High pressure of the dissolved gas is required to enable very small bubbles to be formed by forcing the draught beer through fine holes in a plate in the tap, which causes the characteristic . Foreign Extra Stout and Special Export Stout, with abv of 7. Researchers found that . Advertising for alcoholic drinks that implies improved physical performance or enhanced personal qualities is now prohibited in Ireland. The basis is an unfermented but hopped Guinness wort extract shipped from Dublin, which is added to local ingredients and fermented locally. The strength can vary, for example, it is sold at 5% ABV in China, 6. ABV in Jamaica and East Africa, 6. Malaysia, 7. 5% in the United States, and 8% ABV in Singapore. Foreign Extra Stout is blended with a small amount of intentionally soured beer. It is now made with pasteurized beer that has been soured bacterially. There were three beers in the series. Brew 3. 9 was sold in Dublin from late 2. It had the same alcohol content (ABV) as Guinness Draught, used the same gas mix and settled in the same way, but had a slightly different taste. Many found it to be lighter in taste. It was named after the cartoon toucan used in many Guinness advertisements. This beer had a crisper taste with a slightly sweet aftertaste due to its triple- hopped brewing process. North Star was introduced in October 2. Three million pints of North Star were sold in the latter half of 2. It sends ultrasonic waves through a Guinness- filled pint glass to recreate the beer's . The device works in conjunction with special cans of surger- ready Guinness. The idea was abandoned until 2. Japanese bars, most of which are too small to accommodate traditional keg- and- tap systems. Since then, the surger has been introduced to bars in Paris. The surger for the US market was announced on 1. November 2. 00. 7; plans were to make the unit available to bars only. The beers were: Pilsner Gold, Wicked Red Ale, Wildcat Wheat Beer and Dark Angel Lager. In the UK, a HP Guinness Sauce has recently been made available, manufactured by Heinz. In October 2. 01. Guinness began selling Foreign Extra Stout in 4 packs of bottles in the United States. Crafted with a blend of lightly roasted barley and sweet Irish malt. It has become an available drink in most Irish pubs and is becoming increasingly popular since its release. Casks newly delivered to many small pubs were often nearly unmanageably frothy, but cellar space and rapid turnover demanded that they be put into use before they could sit for long enough to settle down. As a result, a glass would be part filled with the fresh, frothy beer, allowed to stand a minute, and then topped up with beer from a cask that had been pouring longer and had calmed down a bit. Despite this, Guinness has endorsed the use of . To begin the pour, the server holds the glass at a 4. After allowing the initial pour to settle, the server fills the remainder of the glass until the head forms a slight dome over the top of the glass. The new glass is taller and narrower than the previous one and features a bevel design. The new glasses are planned to gradually replace the old ones. Bubbles in the centre of the glass are, however, free to rise to the surface, and thus form a rising column of bubbles. The rising bubbles create a current by the entrainment of the surrounding fluid. As beer rises in the centre, the beer near the outside of the glass falls. This downward flow pushes the bubbles near the glass towards the bottom. Although the effect occurs in any liquid, it is particularly noticeable in any dark nitrogen stout, as the drink combines dark- coloured liquid and light- coloured bubbles. Conversely, in an anti- pint (i. It was adopted in 1. Benjamin Lee Guinness. Harps have been a symbol of Ireland at least since the reign of Henry VIII. Guinness registered their harp as a trademark shortly after the passing of the Trade Marks Registration Act of 1. It faces right instead of left, and so can be distinguished from the Irish coat of arms. Before then, Guinness had almost no advertising, instead allowing for word of mouth to sell the product. Benson's advertising, primarily drawn by the artist John Gilroy, in the 1. Benson created posters that included phrases such as . The posters featured Gilroy's distinctive artwork and more often than not featured animals such as a kangaroo, ostrich, seal, lion and notably a toucan, which has become as much a symbol of Guinness as the harp. Sayers and Bobby Bevan copywriters at Benson's also worked on the campaign; a biography of Sayers notes that she created a sketch of the toucan and wrote several of the adverts in question. Guinness advertising paraphernalia, notably the pastiche booklets illustrated by Ronald Ferns, attract high prices on the collectible market. The Guardian described the management of the brand. They've worked very hard to help Guinness drinkers picture themselves as twinkly- eyed, Byronic bar- room intellectuals, sitting quietly with a pint and dreaming of poetry and impossibly lovely redheads running barefoot across the peat. You have a pint or two of Guinness with a slim volume of Yeats, not eight mates and a 1. A& E . The advertisement was also popular in the UK where the song reached number two. This advertisement is inspired by the famous 1. Guinness TV and cinema ad, . The 1. 98. 0s advertisement not only remained a popular iconic image in its own right; it also entered the Irish cultural memory through inspiring a well known line in Christy Moore's song . James's Gate Brewery with the line: . This was later modified to have a different endings to advertise Guinness Extra Cold, often shown as . The second endings show either the Homo sapiens being suddenly frozen in a block of ice, the ichthyasaurs being frozen while swimming, or the pool of muddy water freezing over as the mud skipper takes a sip, freezing his tongue to the surface. Patrick's Hands. They feature a pair of hands, animated in stop motion under a rostrum camera. Patrick's Hands is a spoof of Riverdance, with the animated hands doing the dancing. It involves a large- scale domino chain reaction and, with a budget of . The two would almost always react to their discoveries with the catchphrase . The hailing slowing spread throughout the bar to the streets outside, and finally around the world. The advertisement ends with the voiceover: . About 4. 0 percent of worldwide total Guinness volume is brewed and sold in Africa, with Foreign Extra Stout the most popular variant. Three of the five Guinness- owned breweries worldwide are located in Africa. The third- largest Guinness drinking nation is Nigeria, followed by the USA. James's Gate Brewery in Dublin, where a self- guided tour includes an account of the ingredients used to make the stout and a description of how it is made. There are videos showing how Guinness is tested by a panel of tasters, and the visitor is instructed in tasting the beer. The tour finishes with a pint of Guinness (if it has not already been drunk at one of the other bars) in the Gravity Bar. British Hit Singles & Albums. British Hit Singles & Albums (originally known as The Guinness Book of British Hit Singles and The Guinness Book of British Hit Albums) was a music reference book originally published in the United Kingdom by the publishing arm of the Guinness breweries, Guinness Superlatives. Later editions were published by Guinness World Records and Hi. T Entertainment. It listed all the singles and albums featured in the Top 7. UK. In 2. 00. 4 the book became an amalgamation of two earlier Guinness publications, originally known as British Hit Singles and British Hit Albums. The publication of this amalgamation ceased in 2. A new version of the book published by Virgin and entitled The Virgin Book of British Hit Singles, first published in November 2. The first ten editions were compiled by Paul Gambaccini, Mike Read and brothers Tim Rice and Jonathan . Read left the team in the mid- 1. Chart editor for many editions was David Roberts. Content. It listed all the singles and albums ever to have been in the UK charts since 1. The entries also included the date of chart entry, highest position, catalogue number and number of weeks in the chart. Short biographical notes accompanied many of the artists' chart details. The book's sources are the New Musical Express (NME) chart from November 1. March 1. 96. 0, and the Record Retailer (later Music Week) chart thereafter. It could be said that this division is misleading, since the Record Retailer chart was little known until it was adopted by the BBC in 1. An example often given is the case of The Beatles' second single . Other records to which this applies include . This can be substantiated by the fact that charts published in the NME were of a shorter format and other chart listings such as those in Melody Maker, became less and less informative although they were probably more accurate. Subsequent research has shown that during the . As a result, the placings in that chart were more open to error and manipulation – a situation further worsened by the larger number of records listed in the chart. History. It wasn't the first Guinness music reference publication, as the previous year a book called The Guinness Book of Music Facts & Feats had been published. It also contained feats from the world of classical music. The first edition was issued to coincide with the 2. UK singles sales chart, which was published in November 1. New Musical Express. Subsequently, a new edition was published every two years, adding a few hundred titles to each edition. Keeping in line with the book's parent publication The Guinness Book of Records, each edition of British Hit Singles also contained a 'facts and feats' section, which included various lists of remarkable chart feats such as 'Most hits', 'Most no. Most weeks on chart' or 'Least successful chart artist'. Also included in the books were photographs (often with captions) and introductions written by the four authors. They also wrote a bi- annual lookback on the major developments in the UK charts in the two preceding years. The series was soon regarded as the number one source for music and chart reference, thanks to the commercial success of the books and its various sister publications (see below). The series' 1. 0th edition, published in June 1. Rice, Rice and Gambaccini. From the 1. 1th edition onwards, the book was compiled by in- house editors at Guinness Publishing and, later, by David Roberts who had already been a chart editor and designer for the original team. In 2. 00. 4, the book merged with The Guinness Book of British Hit Albums to form The Guinness Book of British Hit Singles & Albums. The eighteenth edition of the book (2. The 1. 9th edition (2. A supposed 2. 0th edition was due to be published in 2. The Official Charts Company expired, which saw that organisation sell the contract to Virgin. Features in each edition. Dedicated to John Lennon. Feature on the three- hour temporary stay at number 1 in 1. Manuel and the Music of the Mountains' . Top 1. 00 chart hits of all time, calculated on a points system. Winners and British entries in Eurovision Song Contest each year. List of favourite singles of various chart artists. Alex Reid, Melanie Georgi & Peter Matthews. Guinness Superlatives - 0- 8. Cover painting (by Robert Heesom) featuring 5. Chart analysis of 1. Alex E. Reid. 51. Guinness Superlatives - 0- 8. New lay out and typeset. Launch of the GRRR Golden Hitline (telephone line featuring music). Dedicated to Bob Geldof, Midge Ure and all artists featured in Band Aid. Chart analysis of 1. Alex E. Reid. 61. Guinness Superlatives - 0- 8. First edition without Mike Read. First edition to sport the new British Hit Singles logo (and also used in all subsequent editions). Chart analysis of 1. Honor Head (Editorial Associates: Nick Todd and Alan Golub)7. Guinness Superlatives - 0- 8. Chart analysis of 1. Honor Head (Editorial Associate: Tony Brown)8. Guinness Publishing - 0- 8. Chart analysis of 1. David Roberts (Editorial Associate: Tony Brown)9. GRR Publications - 0- 8. Tagline . For the first time, all hits by the same artist were combined (previously, solo hits and collaborations such as duets were listed separately). Chart analysis of 1. David Roberts (Editorial Associate: Tony Brown)1. GRR Publications - 0- 8. New typeset. Chart analysis of 1. David Roberts (Editorial Associate: Tony Brown)1. Guinness Publishing - 0- 8. XFirst edition not made by the Gambaccini/Rice/Rice team. From now on, book was compiled and edited by in- house staff at Guinness, with Helen Weller listed as editor. Introduction written by Mark Lamarr. Helen Weller. 12. Guinness Publishing - 0- 8. XFrom now on, book was published annually. New typeset and lay out. More news and reviews stories with introduction written by Dave Mc. Aleer. Revamped 'facts and feats' section with many new records. Jane Bolton (Chief Consultant: Dave Mc. Aleer)1. 32. 00. 0Guinness Publishing - 0- 8. XNews and reviews from the year 1. David Roberts. 14. Guinness World Records - 0- 8. XNews and reviews from 2. Review of 2. 00. 1. David Roberts (Chief Consultant: Dave Mc. Aleer)1. 62. 00. 3Hit Entertainment/Guinness World Records - 0- 8. XPop review of the year 2. David Roberts (Chief Consultant: Dave Mc. Aleer)1. 72. 00. 4Hit Entertainment/Guinness World Records - 0- 8. For the first time, singles and albums were combined in one volume. Singles were listed in black typeface, albums in red. Review of the year 2. David Roberts (Chief Consultant: Dave Mc. Aleer)1. 82. 00. 5Hit Entertainment/Guinness World Records - 1- 9. Special edition celebrating 1,0. UK Number One hits (1. Review of the year 2. David Roberts (Chief Consultant: Dave Mc. Aleer)1. 92. 00. 6Hit Entertainment/Guinness World Records - 1- 9. A . Final book in the series. David Roberts (Chief Consultant: Dave Mc. Aleer)Associated merchandise. The following books were written by them: The Guinness Book of Hits of the 7. The Guinness Book of 5. Number One Hits (1. The Guinness Book of British Hit Albums (first issued in 1. The Guinness Book of Hits of the 6. The Guinness Hits Challenge (a pop quiz book) (1. The Guinness Hits Challenge 2 (1. The Guinness Book of Number One Hits (2nd edition) (1. UK Top 1. 00. 0 Singles (1. Hits of the 8. 0s (1. The Guinness Hits Quiz (1. Guinness Top 4. 0 Charts (1. The Guinness Hits Quiz 2 (1. UK Top 1. 00. 0 Singles 2 (1. The Guinness Book of Number One Hits (3rd edition) (1. Guinness Top 4. 0 Charts 2 (1. In the late 1. 99. CDs, a calendar, a DVD quiz (British Hit Albums and Singles No. Music Quiz) and a series of themed compilation CDs with original hits from the book. References and further reading. Guinness Book of British Hit Singles & Albums. Guinness World Records Ltd. May 2. 00. 5). ISBN1- 9. Roberts, David. Guinness Book of British Hit Singles & Albums. Guinness World Records Ltd. June 2. 00. 6). ISBN1- 9. Roach, Martin. The Virgin Book of British Hit Singles. Virgin Books (Nov. ISBN0- 7. 53. 5- 1. Mc. Aleer, Dave. The Virgin Book of British Hit Singles - Volume 2. Virgin Books (Nov. ISBN9. 78- 0- 7. 53.
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